Uthutho lukaloliwe olukhawulezayo nolunexabiso eliphantsi
Uthutho lothutho lukaloliwe phakathi kweTshayina neYurophu Ngokukhawuleza kwaye alubizi mali ininzi
Ixhaswa lutyalo-mali oluvela kurhulumente waseTshayina, uthutho lukaloliwe luvumela iimpahla ezisuka emantla nasembindini weTshayina ukuba zithuthwe ngokuthe ngqo kumazwe amaninzi aseYurophu, kwezinye iimeko ngokuhanjiswa kweemayile zokugqibela ezihanjiswa ilori okanye iindlela ezimfutshane zaselwandle.Sijonga iingenelo zothutho lomthwalo kaloliwe phakathi kweTshayina neYurophu, iindlela eziphambili, kunye nokuqwalaselwa okusebenzayo xa kuthunyelwa iimpahla ngololiwe.
Izinto ezilungileyo zothutho lomthwalo kaloliwe Isantya: Isantya kunenqanawa
Uhambo lukaloliwe olusuka eTshayina ukuya eYurophu, ukusuka kwitheminali ukuya kwitheminali, kwaye kuxhomekeke kwindlela, kuthatha phakathi kweentsuku ezili-15 nezili-18.Eso sisiqingatha sexesha elithathwayo ukuhambisa izitya ngenqanawa.
Ngala maxesha mafutshane ohambo, amashishini anokusabela ngokukhawuleza kwiimfuno eziguqukayo zemarike.Ukongeza, amaxesha amafutshane ohambo akhokelela kujikelezo oluninzi kwaye ngaloo ndlela sinciphe isitokhwe kwisixokelelwano sobonelelo.Ngamanye amazwi, amashishini anokukhulula inkunzi yokusebenza kwaye athobe iindleko zawo ezinkulu.
Ukongiwa kweendleko kwiintlawulo zenzala kwistokhwe yenye inzuzo.Uloliwe ke ngoko yindlela enomtsalane kuthutho elwandle kwixabiso eliphezulu lempahla ye-elektroniki, umzekelo.
Ixabiso: Ixabiso eliphantsi kunenqwelomoya
Uthutho lwaselwandle lunikezela ngezona ndleko ziphantsi, kwaye ngoku yeyona ndlela ikhethwayo yokuthunyelwa nokuya nokubuya eTshayina.Nangona kunjalo, ixesha lokuhamba lide.Ngaloo ndlela, xa isantya sibalulekile, kungenelwa uthutho lomoya, nangona iindleko ziphezulu kakhulu.
Ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo yokusuka, indawo ekuyiwa kuyo kunye nomthamo, ukuthuthwa kwesikhongozeli ukusuka kwindlu ngendlu ngempahla kaloliwe kuqikelelwa ngokuphindwe kabini kweendleko zothutho elwandle kunye nekota yeendleko zokuthumela iimpahla ngenqwelomoya.
Umzekelo: Isingxobo esizinyawo ezingama-40 singabamba i-22,000 kg yempahla.Ngololiwe, iindleko ziya kuba malunga ne-USD 8,000.Elwandle, umthwalo ofanayo ungabiza malunga ne-USD 4,000 kunye nomoya we-USD 32,000.
Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, uloliwe uzibeke ngokuthe ngqo phakathi kolwandle nomoya, unexabiso eliphantsi kunothutho lomoya kwaye ukhawuleza kunokuhanjiswa ngolwandle.
Uzinzo: Ukulungeleka ngakumbi kokusingqongileyo kunomthwalo womoya
Uthutho lwaselwandle luhlala luyeyona ndlela yothutho ehambelana nokusingqongileyo.Nangona kunjalo, ukukhutshwa kweCO2 kuthutho lukaloliwe kusezantsi kakhulu kunothutho lomoya, impikiswano eya ibalulekile.
Iindlela zikaloliwe zothutho phakathi kweTshayina neYurophu
Zimbini iindlela eziphambili zoololiwe bomthwalo, ezinenani leendlela ezincinci:
1. Indlela esemazantsi enqumla eKazakhstan nakumazantsi eRashiya ifaneleke kakhulu kuthutho oluya nokusuka kumbindi weTshayina, umz. imimandla engqonge iChengdu, iChongqing neZhengzhou.
2. Indlela esemantla enqumla eSiberia ilungele ukuthuthwa kweekhonteyina kwimimandla esemantla ejikeleze iBeijing, iDalian, iSuzhou neShenyang.EYurophu, ezona terminals zibalulekileyo yiDuisburg neHamburg eJamani, kunye neWarsaw ePoland.
Uloliwe ulungele amashishini anempahla enobomi obufutshane kakhulu ukuba angavumela ukuthunyelwa ngolwandle.Kwakhona kunomdla kwiimveliso zomda ophantsi apho imithwalo yomoya ixabisa kakhulu.
Isixa esikhulu sothutho lukaloliwe olusuka e-Asiya lusiya eYurophu lolwamashishini afana neemoto, abathengi, iivenkile ezithengisayo kunye nefashoni, ukwenziwa kwamashishini kunye nobuchwepheshe.Uninzi lweemveliso zimiselwe eJamani, eyona marike inkulu, kodwa ukuhanjiswa kuya kumazwe ajikelezileyo: eBelgium, eNetherlands, eFrance, eDenmark, eSwitzerland kwaye ngamanye amaxesha yolulela e-UK, eSpain naseNorway.
Hlanganisa iimpahla ezahlukeneyo kwiinqanawa ezilawulwa ngokupheleleyo
Ukongeza kwimithwalo yesikhongozeli esipheleleyo (i-FCL), ngaphantsi kwemithwalo yesikhongozeli (LCL) esandul 'ukufumaneka, kunye nababoneleli bezothutho balungiselela ukudityaniswa kwemithwalo emininzi evela kubathengi abahlukeneyo kwimigqomo epheleleyo.Oku kwenza isiporo sibe sisisombululo esinomtsalane kwiinqanawa ezincinci.
Umzekelo, i-DSV ibonelela ngeenkonzo zikaloliwe ezithe ngqo ze-LCL ezisebenza rhoqo:
1. I-Shanghai ukuya e-Duesseldorf: inkonzo yempahla yeveki igcwalisa izitya ezimbini ze-40-foot
2. Shanghai ukuya Warsaw: ezintandathu ukuya kwezisixhenxe 40-unyawo izitya ngeveki
3. I-Shenzhen ukuya eWarsaw: enye ukuya kwezimbini ii-40-foot containers ngeveki
Kwiminyaka yakutsha nje, i-China yenze utyalo-mali olukhulu kunxibelelwano lukaloliwe phakathi kwe-Asiya ne-Europe phantsi kwe-Belt and Road Initiative, isakha iitheminali zayo kunye nemizila kaloliwe.Olu tyalo-mali lukhomba kumaxesha amafutshane ohambo kunye neendleko eziphantsi ekuhambeni kwexesha.
Uphuculo oluninzi lusendleleni.Izikhongozeli zeReefer (ezifakwe efrijini) ziya kusetyenziswa ngomlinganiselo omkhulu.Oku kuya kwenza ukuba izinto ezibolayo ziphathwe ngokufanelekileyo.Okwangoku, ukuthuthwa ngeenqwelo moya yeyona ndlela iphambili yokuthumela izinto ezitshabalalayo, esisisombululo esibiza kakhulu.Ukubanakho ukuthunyelwa kwezikhongozeli zobungakanani obungengabo kunye nempahla eyingozi nako kuyajongwa.
Yintoni omawuyithathele ingqalelo xa uthunyelwa ngololiwe ukuhanjiswa kwe-Intermodal kwindlu ngendlu
Kanye njengothutho lomoya nolwandle, kufuneka uthathele ingqalelo intshukumo yangaphambili nasemva kokuthunyelwa kwempahla yakho.Ukuthutha impahla kaloliwe, kufuneka ukuba iimpahla zipakishwe kwisikhongozeli esinokuqeshwa kwindawo yokugcina iikhonteyina zabaqhubi bakaloliwe.Ukuba uvimba wakho ukufuphi nendawo yokugcina iikhonteyina, kunokuba luncedo ukuhambisa iimpahla ngendlela uzise kwindawo yokugcina iimpahla ukuze zidluliselwe kwizikhongozeli ezilapho, endaweni yokuqesha isikhongozeli esingenanto ukuze silayishe kwindawo yakho.Nokuba yeyiphi na indlela, xa kuthelekiswa namazibuko olwandle, abasebenzi bakaloliwe baneendawo zokugcina ezincinci kakhulu.Ngoko ke kufuneka uqwalasele ngononophelo uthutho lokuya nokubuya kwindawo yokugcina izinto, njengoko indawo yokugcina kukho imida.
Izohlwayo zorhwebo okanye ukwala
Amanye amazwe asecaleni kwendlela aphantsi kwezohlwayo okanye ukwayiwa ngamazwe aseYurophu kwaye ngokuphambanayo, okuthetha ukuba ezinye iimpahla zinokuba phantsi kwezalelo kumazwe athile.Iziseko zaseRashiya zindala kakhulu kwaye izinga lotyalo-mali liphantsi kakhulu kune-China, umzekelo.Kukwakho nenyaniso yokuba imida eliqela phakathi kwamazwe angenazo izivumelwano zokurhwebelana kufuneka igqitywe.Kuphephe ukulibaziseka ngokuqinisekisa ukuba amaphepha akho alungile.
Ulawulo lobushushu
Nanini na xa iimpahla zithunyelwa ngololiwe, kukho umahluko omkhulu wobushushu be-ambient ngexesha elifutshane ekufuneka lithathelwe ingqalelo.E-China, kunokufudumala kakhulu, ngelixa eRashiya, phantsi kweqhwa.Olu tshintsho lobushushu lunokubangela iingxaki kwezinye iimpahla.Jonga kunye nomboneleli wakho wezothutho ukuba ngawaphi amanyathelo athatyathwayo xa uthumela iimpahla ezifuna ukuthuthwa nokugcinwa okulawulwa ngubushushu.
Iindidi zeemveliso
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China ukuya CANADA ngenqanawa
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Ukusuka eTshayina ukuya eYurophu ngelori nge-15-25 nje
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I-China ukuya kwi-Middle East yokuthumela ngenqanawa
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Ukuhanjiswa kolwandle ukusuka eTshayina ukuya e-UK
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Inkonzo yokuthumela nge-FBA kunye nomthumeli weenqanawa oqeqeshiweyo
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Inkonzo yonikezelo ngeendleko efikelelekayo
